Recently, with the release of the "year-end red envelope" of e-commerce, fresh meat has also seen peak sales. Meanwhile, fresh e-commerce companies such as "box horse", "super species" and "7FRESH", which are labeled as the typical new retail and retail revolution, not only bring delicious food to consumers but also promote the development of China's cold chain logistics in an all-round way.
According to statistics, the size of China's cold chain logistics market reached 303.5 billion yuan in 2018, an increase of 48.5 billion yuan over the previous year and a year-on-year growth rate of 19%. From the perspective of such market size and demand, China's cold chain logistics market is still in a situation of "rapid growth and short supply".
At present, cold chain logistics is "hot", but the more emerging, hot industry is more worthy of our calm down to think, so that it can be more rapid development.
For example, can the current development of cold chain logistics keep up with the needs of The Times? What are the problems in the transportation process? How to solve the problem of high consumption and "broken chain"? How should the "visible hand" of the government and the "invisible hand" of the market "move"?
The huge market demand has brought the cold chain logistics industry into an outbreak period. Under the wind of the wind, e-commerce logistics giants compete to enter the market. Leading enterprises like Alibaba, Guangdong logistics, suning logistics, and sf express all appear on the track.
Alibaba's reindeer cold chain plans to set up 50 large and medium-sized professional fresh cold chain warehouses in China, with a layout of 100 fresh cold chain transport trunk lines, 1,000 branch lines and cold chain barge.
Jingdong logistics successively launched the cold chain transport service "jingdong kaban", B2B core product "cold chain city matching" and * platform product cold chain vehicle. Suning logistics will realize the construction of 1 million square meters of cold chain storage by 2022. Sf express set up a cold chain logistics joint venture company "new xia hui".
The giants push China's cold-chain logistics industry into the sky, and the market continues to grow steadily.
At the same time, China's cold chain logistics infrastructure construction results are encouraging. Data from China quality news network show that in 2018, China's total cold storage volume was more than 52 million tons, an increase of more than 19 million tons compared with 2014, with an annual growth rate of more than 10%. There were 180,000 refrigerated vehicles nationwide, an increase of 104,000 over 2014, and the annual growth rate remained above 20 percent.
The cold chain logistics industry flies on the branch, naturally has become the capital market's "favorite". According to statistics, in 2017 alone, more than 8 billion yuan was involved in mergers and acquisitions. In may this year, fresh supply chain service platform jiuyi supply chain announced the completion of C + round of financing.
Despite being on the same track as cold-chain logistics, the players are different. Sf express and xia hui established a joint venture company "new xia hui", which is the foundation of sf express's cooperation with more than 60% of the top 100 domestic pharmaceutical companies and 3 GSP (GoodSupplyPractice) certified pharmaceutical cold storage.
Jingdong logistics seems to pay more attention to the cold chain logistics system. Since 2014, jd logistics has decided to build a cold chain system. According to the data, jingdong fresh cold chain distribution has covered 300 cities in China, and it has full-temperature cold warehouses in core cities of the country, with an average daily order processing of 1 million pieces.
Different from jingdong logistics, suning logistics focuses on building its own cold chain warehouse. At present, suning has formed a national cold chain network with 40 cold chain warehouses covering 173 cities. In the first half of the year alone, suning logistics opened 17 cold chain warehouses across the country. With suning store as the super entrance, and with the help of suning logistics cold chain warehouse, suning logistics plans to create fresh cold chain warehouse at its door in the next three years.
The "ten trillion" market stirs the nerves of every logistics enterprise and attracts the attention of outsiders. Whether it is the establishment of a new company in cooperation between sf express and xia hui, or the participation of jingdong in bubugao or the launch of cold chain logistics park business by vanke, all show the importance that various enterprises attach to the cold chain. At the same time, after logistics becomes the pillar industry, the cold chain has become the top priority.
At present, cold chain logistics is blossoming all over the country, with jingdong, suning, sf express and other e-commerce logistics giants entering the market one after another. China's cold chain industry has made great progress, but after all, it starts late and has a weak foundation, and its development maturity still lags far behind the foreign cold chain transportation network.
For example, developed countries such as the United States and Japan have very mature and nationwide cold chain logistics networks, and their leading enterprises are also concentrated. These cold chain logistics giants not only face the whole country, but also face the global market.
United States cold storage corporation (USCS), with nearly 22% of the global cold chain logistics market, provides regional and global distribution services in different locations in nine U.S. states. For another example, pfeiffer cold storage has designed, built and operated 27 large cold warehouses in the United States, and has gradually carried out global cold chain storage services in Asia, Africa and South America.
At present, China's cold chain logistics enterprises are still very rare. Data show that 90% of China's cold-chain enterprises are regional or transport-oriented, with uneven industry development and low industry concentration, and the overall situation is scattered.
It is for this reason that every link of cold chain logistics in China still has the problem of "broken chain", which aggravates the "vicious cycle" of cold chain logistics.
According to the data, the total volume of China's cold storage reached 130 million cubic meters in 2018, and the number of refrigerated vehicles was 180,000, which seems considerable. However, in 2018, the per capita ownership of refrigerated vehicles in Japan and the us was 15 times and 18 times higher than that in China, and the per capita ownership of refrigerated warehouses was three times and four times higher than that in China, showing an obvious gap.
Thus, it can be seen that China's current cold chain infrastructure is not perfect, which does not match the huge market demand of domestic cold chain logistics.
In addition, the uneven distribution of cold chain infrastructure across the country is also very sharp contradictions. There are relatively more coastal areas, the central and western regions are short of cold chain resources, and the development is relatively backward.
In particular, the degree of standardization of China's cold chain is still very low. In the production process, only a small part of the producing area of agricultural products processing enterprises, with professional, standardized fruit and vegetables after harvest pre-cooling, grading, packaging production facilities, most enterprises processing
Cold chain logistics is a service industry, which needs technology to realize transformation and upgrading.
For example, cold chain logistics companies in the United States pay great attention to the investment in science and technology, and combine all aspects of cold chain transportation with high-tech information systems to improve operational efficiency.
The United States cold storage corporation (USCS) has established an eUSCOLD system that allows customers to access inventory details, shipping status, and tracking orders at any time. C.r.egland, a giant us cold chain logistics company, equiitself with global positioning system, network tracking equipment and network billing functions for each vehicle, which can be delivered at the exact time specified by users.
Cold chain logistics industry the pursuit of high technology, it is very important reason is from the requirements of the food industry, especially with box Ma Xian birth, rui xing coffee as the representative of new retail enterprise, they hope that through technology, the logistics and production, procurement and sales link get through, closed loop form data, provide better service and improve efficiency.
Some people in the industry believe that when all the different commodities of food enterprises are stored in the warehouse, especially the operation mode of ToC, which requires high-frequency warehousing every day, it is impossible to rely on people to manage the warehouse. How to manage the daily high frequency in and out of storage, how to manage the daily inventory, how to reduce the loss, need the ability of IT to achieve.
On the transport side, consumers are demanding more and more from the experience. For example, from A to B, whether the location of each node and even the temperature can be checked like A Courier, which is what consumers want to see, also requires technology to realize. At the same time, the application of technologies such as automatic sorting, new material insulation, green refrigeration and unmanned driving can significantly reduce costs and improve operational efficiency.
In Japan, labor is very expensive, contributing to the popularity of the sorting system, agricultural products in the cold chain logistics operations are professional machinery, greatly improve the efficiency of cold chain logistics enterprises, reduce labor
In recent years, the state has attached great importance to the development of cold chain logistics. Since 2017, it has successfully introduced a number of policies related to the cold chain logistics industry, providing Suggestions and guidance for the development goals, industry standards, and supply chain system construction of the cold chain logistics industry.
For example, in June this year, the ministry of transport issued the implementation opinions on accelerating the development of cold chain logistics to ensure food safety and promote the upgrading of consumption, as well as the planning and design guidelines for food low-temperature distribution centers, which all expressed the appeal for further standardization and standardization of the cold chain.
Especially "about speed up the development of cold chain logistics guarantee food safety for upgrading consumption implementation opinion" in put forward including to speed up the perfect cold chain logistics facilities, encourage the development of cold chain logistics enterprise innovation, enhance the level of cold chain logistics informationization, and a series of specific requirements, strive to in 2020, initially formed to the temperature control system of cold chain logistics services such as, basic solve the problem of "broken".
In addition, the cold chain service has certain technical and financial barriers, and most small and medium-sized user enterprises are unable to establish a similar operation mode by themselves. Therefore, this is not a small business opportunity for the related industry of cold chain logistics.
The key to grasping these business opportunities lies in that, on the one hand, it can provide cold chain services that meet the needs of users. In particular, China's agricultural production mode is relatively backward, so it is worth considering how to complete centralized cold chain processing at a low cost at the production location.
Industry insiders said that cold chain logistics enterprises can consider cooperation with the origin and sales platform to gather products from the origin through the sales platform. Cold chain logistics enterprises provide cold chain services in a centralized way, and the origin does not need to worry about additional losses caused by the cold chain. In addition, such still can help the spatiotemporal imbalance between supply and demand for cold storage caused by the off-peak season of agricultural products.
The development prospect of China's cold chain logistics industry is still worth looking forward to as the social demand continues to increase and the policy environment improves.
